十种最受欢迎的女性画作

女性的形象是视觉艺术中最古老，最常见的图案之一。著名的关于女性主题的绘画作品对艺术和大众文化产生了深远的影响，使她们获得了非凡的声誉，其观众范围远远超过了博物馆里的精英。

The image of women is one of the oldest and most common patterns in visual art. The famous paintings on the theme of women have had a far-reaching impact on art and mass culture, making them obtain an extraordinary reputation, and their audience far exceeds the elite in the museum.

在接下来的内容中，我们研究了十种最受欢迎的女性画作，以了解使她们如此与众不同并吸引各种文化背景和不同年龄段的人们的原因。

In the following content, we studied the ten most popular female paintings to understand the reasons why they are so different and attract people of all cultural backgrounds and ages.

Sandro Botticelli- 维纳斯的诞生，1480年代中期

Sandro Botticelli - birth of Venus, mid-1480s

桑德罗·波提切利（Sandro Botticelli）的《维纳斯的诞生》描绘了成年女性从海上崛起的希腊爱神。这幅著名的画作代表了古希腊作家作品中所描绘的维纳斯的双重观念，他们既将她视为象征肉体爱情的泥土形象，又将其视为启发人类知识性爱情特征的天上女神。

Sandro Botticelli's the birth of Venus depicts the Greek god of love rising from the sea. This famous painting represents the dual concept of Venus depicted in the works of ancient Greek writers. They regard her not only as a clay image symbolizing physical love, but also as a heavenly goddess enlightening the characteristics of human intellectual love.

在1480年代中期，桑德罗·波提切利（Sandro Botticelli）绘画了古代以来的第一个非宗教裸体画，从而改变了艺术界。他的著名的《维纳斯的诞生》绘画代表了对文物理想的真正回归，因为他借鉴了古希腊的叙事方式和构图元素。关于维纳斯骑在贝壳上的故事取材于著名的诗人荷马，而主要主题的复杂姿势让人联想到希腊雕像Capitoline Venus。

In the mid-1480s, Sandro Botticelli changed the art world by painting the first non religious nude since ancient times. His famous painting the birth of Venus represents a real return to the ideal of cultural relics, because he draws lessons from the narrative mode and composition elements of ancient Greece. The story of Venus riding on a shell is based on the famous poet Homer, and the complex posture of the main theme is reminiscent of the Greek statue Capitoline Venus.

达芬奇（Leonardo da Vinci）-蒙娜丽莎（Mona Lisa），1503年至1505

Leonardo da Vinci - Mona Lisa, 1503-1505

莱昂纳多·达·芬奇（Leonardo da Vinci）创作的《蒙娜丽莎》（Mona Lisa）以其神秘的微笑和永恒的美而广为人知，代表了文艺复兴时期的经典半身画像，并以遥远的风景为背景。描绘对象头发和衣服的曲线在她身后的山脉和河流中回荡，从而描绘出人与自然之间的联系。

The Mona Lisa created by Leonardo da Vinci is well known for its mysterious smile and eternal beauty. It represents the classic bust portrait of the Renaissance and is set in a distant landscape. The curves depicting the hair and clothes of the object echo in the mountains and rivers behind her, thus depicting the relationship between man and nature.

几个世纪后，蒙娜丽莎的形象代表了女性肖像画发展的一步。莱昂纳多·达·芬奇（Leonardo da Vinci）通过使用当时新颖的油画颜料和精巧的遮蔽技术（sfumato），将现实主义提高到了一个新的高度，对随后的许多意大利文艺复兴时期艺术家产生了影响。得益于这项创新技术，蒙娜丽莎的皮肤看起来光滑，眼睛富有表现力，生动的笑容如此强烈，以致数百年来一直吸引着观众和艺术家，成为有史以来最著名的女性画作之一。

Centuries later, the image of the Mona Lisa represented a step in the development of female portraiture. Leonardo da Vinci raised realism to a new level by using the novel oil painting pigments and exquisite masking technology (sfumato), which had an impact on many subsequent Italian Renaissance artists. Thanks to this innovative technology, Mona Lisa's skin looks smooth, her eyes are expressive, and her vivid smile is so strong that it has attracted audiences and artists for hundreds of years and has become one of the most famous female paintings in history.

Johannes Vermeer-戴珍珠耳环的女孩，1665年

Johannes Vermeer - girl with pearl earrings, 1665

一幅画作因其主要题材的神秘外观而被称为荷兰蒙娜丽莎，这是维米尔（Vermeer）的“戴珍珠耳环的女孩”，代表着对女性头部的发光研究。珍珠耳环是画作的主要焦点，以其对光影之间相互作用的精湛描绘而广受赞誉。

A painting is called the Mona Lisa of the Netherlands because of the mysterious appearance of its main theme. This is Vermeer's "girl with Pearl Earrings", representing the study of the luminescence of women's heads. Pearl earrings are the main focus of the painting and are widely praised for their exquisite description of the interaction between light and shadow.

爱德华·马奈（Edouard Manet）-奥林匹亚，1856年

Edouard Manet - Olympia, 1856

爱德华·马奈（Edouard Manet）对妓女的裸体描写引起巴黎人民的愤慨，因为巴黎人性化的卖淫活动在当时是不流行的。奥林匹亚的视线似乎集中在观众身上，这也激怒了公众，因为这对女性而言是罕见的，但只有一个裸体妓女直率地盯着某人，成为这幅画的主要主题。

Edouard Manet's nude description of prostitutes aroused the indignation of the people of Paris, because the humanized prostitution in Paris was not popular at that time. Olympia's attention seemed to focus on the audience, which also angered the public, because it was rare for women, but only a naked prostitute stared at someone directly and became the main theme of the painting.

詹姆斯·麦克尼尔·惠斯勒（James McNeill Whistler）

James McNeill Whistler

灰色和黑色第一编（惠斯勒的母亲），1871年

Gray and black part 1 (Whistler's mother), 1871

顾名思义，这幅画意在研究色彩，表现为灰色，黑色和白色的组合。但是，尽管这本意是代表对色彩和形式及其主题的研究，但被称为惠斯勒母亲的画迅速成为了大萧条时期许多人所承受的艰辛的象征。画家将涂满颜料的女人的涂得薄薄的深色衣服与发光且分层的手和脸并列放置，以使他的主题生气蓬勃并违背传统叙事艺术。布面油画代表画家母亲坐在舒适的椅子上时的写照。

As the name suggests, this painting is intended to study color, which is a combination of gray, black and white. However, although this was meant to represent the study of color, form and its theme, the painting known as Whistler's mother quickly became a symbol of the hardships endured by many people during the great depression. The painter juxtaposes the thinly painted dark clothes of the woman covered with paint with the luminous and layered hands and face to make his theme lively and contrary to the traditional narrative art. Oil on canvas represents the painter's mother sitting in a comfortable chair.

众所周知的1871年画作《灰色和黑色1号安排》或惠斯勒的母亲，因其原始名称和不寻常的构图而闻名。到那时，它的作者詹姆斯·麦克尼尔·惠斯勒（James McNeill Whistler）已采用一种音乐方式来给作品定名，并以其主导色彩命名，而有意精简的构图有助于达到一种心理深度，激发人们每次看到不同的情感底蕴观察艺术品。

The well-known 1871 painting gray and black arrangement 1 or Whistler's mother is famous for its original name and unusual composition. By then, its author James McNeill Whistler had adopted a musical method to name the works and named them after their dominant colors, and the deliberately simplified composition helped to achieve a psychological depth and stimulate people to observe works of art with different emotional details every time they see them.

古斯塔夫·克里姆特（Gustav Klimt）-阿黛尔·布洛赫·鲍尔一世肖像（1907年）

Gustav Klimt - Portrait of Adele Bloch Bauer I (1907)

以下两幅著名的女性绘画来自20世纪初的维也纳。这张穿着金色衣服的女人的迷人肖像是在古斯塔夫·克里姆特（Gustav Klimt）著名的黄金时代创作的，以其迷人的目光而广为人知。发光而精美的金箔画作装饰着阿斯塔尔·克林姆（Gustav Klimt）的密友，阿黛尔·布洛赫·鲍尔（Adele Bloch-Bauer）。

The following two famous female paintings are from Vienna in the early 20th century. This charming portrait of a woman dressed in gold was created in the famous golden age of Gustav Klimt and is well known for its charming eyes. Luminous and exquisite gold foil paintings adorn Adele Bloch Bauer, a close friend of Gustav Klimt.

埃贡·席勒（Egon Schiele）-伊迪丝的肖像，艺术家的妻子，1915年

Egon Schiele - Portrait of Edith, artist's wife, 1915

另一位来自维也纳的著名画家埃贡·席勒（Egon Schiele）在1915年为他的妻子拍摄了精美的肖像。伊迪丝·哈姆斯（Edith Harms）的嫩照片在他们结婚的同一年画出，表现出她的娃娃般特征和长而显眼的手臂。她的彩色连衣裙主导着艺术品，因为她的蓝眼睛从苍白的脸上凝视着童心。

Another famous painter from Vienna, Egon Schiele, took a beautiful portrait of his wife in 1915. The tender photos of Edith Holmes were painted in the same year of their marriage, showing her doll like features and long and prominent arms. Her colorful dress dominates the art, because her blue eyes stare at the childlike innocence from her pale face.

20世纪初，两位维也纳画家埃贡·席勒（Egon Schiele）和古斯塔夫·克里姆特（Gustav Klimt）将女性形象提升到一个新的高度，创作了一些有史以来最著名的女性绘画。古斯塔夫·克里姆特（Gustav Klimt）通过用金围绕着他的臣民，将埃及艺术引入了欧洲，并且是新艺术运动的开拓者之一。他略微扭曲的姿势和对女性形态的色情描写很快被他的学生埃贡·席勒（Egon Schiele）继承，他在自己的著名女性画作中加入了自己强烈的情感风格，并且常常令人不安。

At the beginning of the 20th century, two Vienna painters Egon Schiele and Gustav Klimt raised the female image to a new level and created some of the most famous female paintings in history. Gustav Klimt introduced Egyptian art into Europe by surrounding his subjects with gold, and was one of the pioneers of the new art movement. His slightly distorted posture and pornographic description of female forms were soon inherited by his student Egon Schiele. He added his strong emotional style to his famous female paintings, which is often disturbing.

巴勃罗·毕加索（Pablo Picasso）-朵拉玛尔（Dora Maar）肖像，1937年

Pablo Picasso - Portrait of Dora Maar, 1937

古往今来，毕加索（Pablo Picasso）为他的爱人画了无数幅肖像画，并着名摄影师多拉·马尔（Dora Maar）。这幅特殊的肖像描绘了她坐在椅子上的情景，并以典型的立体主义方式执行，并带有扭曲的形式和鲜艳的色彩。

Throughout the ages, Pablo Picasso has painted countless portraits of his lover and the famous photographer Dora Maar. This special portrait depicts her sitting in a chair, which is executed in a typical Cubist way, with distorted form and bright colors.

弗里达·卡洛（Frida Kahlo）-带刺项链和蜂鸟的自画像，1940年

Frida Kahlo - self portrait of a thorn necklace and hummingbird, 1940

弗里达·卡洛（Frida Kahlo）在短暂而富有成果的生活中创作了许多自画像。这件特别的作品以艺术家最喜欢的宠物，猴子为特征，这些猴子经常象征着她永远无法拥有的孩子。另一个引人注目的图案是悬挂在刺项链上的蜂鸟，割断了画家的喉咙，但在耐心忍受痛苦的同时，她似乎保持镇定。

Frida Kahlo created many self portraits in his short and fruitful life. This special work is characterized by the artist's favorite pet, monkeys, which often symbolize the children she will never have. Another striking pattern is the hummingbird hanging on the thorn necklace, which cuts the artist's throat, but she seems to remain calm while patiently enduring the pain.

弗里达·卡洛（Frida Kahlo）的原始自画像注入了天真和民间艺术的元素，但女权主义者的方法在她对女性身心的不妥协描绘中可见。Frida曾经说过：

Frida Kahlo's original self portrait infuses elements of innocence and folk art, but the feminist approach can be seen in her uncompromising depiction of women's body and mind. Frida once said:

“我描绘自己的现实。我唯一知道的是我画画是因为我需要，而且我画出了任何经过我头部的东西而没有任何其他考虑。”

"I paint my reality. The only thing I know is that I draw because I need it, and I draw anything that passes through my head without any other consideration."

安迪·沃霍尔（Andy Warhol）-Shot Blue Marilyn，1964年

Andy Warhol - shot blue Marilyn, 1964

安迪·沃霍尔（Andy Warhol）的许多女性绘画，性感和诱人的玛丽莲·梦露（Marilyn Monroe）并没有体现某些人所想象的非凡成名和浮华的想法。考虑到这位女演员的代表是在1962年她过世去世后完成的，显然这幅画带有不祥，暗得多的底色。安迪·沃霍尔（Andy Warhol）创作的四幅肖像系列，包括这张蓝色背景的肖像，不仅象征着美国文化史，而且还暗示着它晦涩而残酷的一面。

Many of Andy Warhol's female paintings, the sexy and attractive Marilyn Monroe, do not reflect the idea of extraordinary fame and flashiness imagined by some people. Considering that the representative of the actress was completed after her death in 1962, it is obvious that the painting has an ominous, much darker background. Andy Warhol's four portrait series, including this portrait on a blue background, not only symbolizes American cultural history, but also implies its obscure and cruel side.

最后，安迪·沃霍尔（Andy Warhol）过去用对社会的痴迷来描绘社会名流，这些名人与任何其他不健康的痴迷一样令人不安和残酷。

Finally, Andy Warhol used to describe celebrities with obsession with society. These celebrities are as disturbing and cruel as any other unhealthy obsession.

女人到底喜欢什么？一直是一个谜，不过我们可以看看历史上的欧洲女人们都喜欢什么！

What do women like? It has always been a mystery, but we can see what European women like in history!